Spatial Rock-Paper-Scissors (Cyclic Dominance)
This model demonstrates cyclic competition among three species (Rock, Paper, Scissors). Each cell belongs to one of three states. At each step, a cell chooses a random neighbor. If the neighbor's state "beats" the cell's state (Rock > Scissors > Paper > Rock), the cell is replaced by the neighbor's state.
Over time, this local competition creates spiraling waves and dynamic balance, showing how biodiversity can be maintained in spatial environments even when no single species is strictly superior.